![]() However, instruction in these areas is not an acceptable substitute for humanistic and social foundational studies. This change recognizes the importance of such areas of study as educational psychology, curriculum and instruction, educational administration, and pedagogical methods within professional teacher preparation programs. Field experiences designed and supervised in collaboration with educational practitioners are appropriate components of foundational studies when those experiences contribute to students’ abilities to interpret and communicate the content and context of educational thought and practice. Learning may be structured around aspects of the school-society relationship, issues in educational policy, or particular disciplines, e.g., the history, philosophy, and sociology of education. No particular organization or format is specified. Meanwhile the scientific and technological foundations are the starting points in developing the curriculum so that it is adaptive to the changes and challenges of the times.In the pre-service program, instruction in the interpretive, normative, and critical perspectives on education should reflect and serve the rationale and goals of the professional teacher preparation program. The socio-cultural foundation has implications for the educational program that will be developed. The psychological foundation refers to cognitive, behavioristic, and humanistic learning theories. Philosophical assumptions have implications for the formulation of educational goals, the development of educational content or materials, determining strategies, as well as on the role of students and the role of educators. There are four main foundations that form the basis of curriculum development, namely: philosophical landscape, psychological foundation, socio-cultural foundation, as well as scientific and technological foundations. The formulation of the curriculum either at the stage of ideas, plans, experiences or as a result of its development must refer to or use a strong and solid foundation, so that the curriculum can function and play a role in accordance with the demands of education in accordance with Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System. The purpose of this study is to have a broad understanding of the foundations for curriculum development identify several curriculum foundations that become the basis for developing the curriculum by various related parties. ![]()
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